TILI Automation

 Cables are a very important part of industrial automation. You must know which cable to use and where to use it so that there is no goof-up in the instrument part or electrical part. There are many types of cables used, but it is important to categorize them based on various sections. Because it is not possible to define every type in a single section. In this post, we will focus on two types of cables – single core and multi-core. Here, we will see the difference between both of them. What is a Single Core Cable? Cables come with conductors and insulators. Conductors are the ones that carry current and insulators are the ones that insulate or protect the conductor from the external environment. In a single-core cable, as the name defines, only a single conductor or wire is used inside a cable. Basically, it will simply consist of a single wire insulated in an external coating layer. Because a single conductor is used, it can be used with a large and thick diameter. So, it is said...

 What is a Photodiode? It is a form of light sensor that converts light energy into electrical energy (voltage or current). Photodiode is a type of semi conducting device with PN junction. Between the p (positive) and n (negative) layers, an intrinsic layer is present. The photo diode accepts light energy as input to generate electric current. It is also called as Photodetector, Photo Sensor or Light Detector. Photodiode operates in reverse bias condition i.e., the p – side of the photodiode is connected with negative terminal of battery (or the power supply) and n – side to the positive terminal of battery. Typical photodiode materials are Silicon, Germanium, Indium Gallium Arsenide Phosphide and Indium gallium arsenide. Internally, a photodiode has optical filters, built in lens and a surface area. When surface area of photodiode increases, it results in less response time. Few photo diodes will look like Light Emitting Diode (LED). It has two terminals as shown below. The smalle...

 We use relays for a wide range of applications such as home automation, cars and bikes (automobiles), industrial applications, DIY Projects, test and measurement equipment, and many more. But what is Relay? How a Relay Works? What are the Applications of Relays? Let us explore more about relays in this guide. What is a Relay? A Relay is a simple electromechanical switch. While we use normal switches to close or open a circuit manually, a Relay is also a switch that connects or disconnects two circuits. But instead of a manual operation, a relay uses an electrical signal to control an electromagnet, which in turn connects or disconnects another circuit. Relays can be of different types like electromechanical, solid state. Electromechanical relays are frequently used. Let us see the internal parts of this relay before knowing about it working. Although many different types of relay were present, their working is same. Every electromechanical relay consists of an consists of an Elect...

 Grounding is an important part of any electrical system. A properly grounded system will save lives from electric shocks and also protects devices/equipment. But what exactly is Grounding? What is the need for Grounding? Are there different types of Grounding? If so, what are they? Let us explore the essentials of Grounding/Earthing. What is Grounding? Grounding (in US) or Earthing (in UK) is a process of connecting electrical systems, appliances and metal enclosure to ground. Here, ground refers to the physical connection to Earth which acts as a reference point and also a return path for current. The main purpose of grounding is to provide a low resistance path for electricity to flow. We can implement the connection to ground with the help of a grounding electrode. This way, we can keep all the non-current-carrying conductors such as metal frame/housing of a computer, washer, drier, electric drill etc. at 0V potential. A typical grounding system consists of two parts. In the fi...

 You love playing music, and your speakers are the best part of the home theatre system. But lying speaker wires often become an eyesore and health hazard. You cannot do without a good speaker, but who does want the wires that damage the interior design? On top of that, the wires often become a threat to your safety. A lot of people often trip on the wires accidentally and injure themselves. Additionally, these wires often accumulate dust and dirt and impose challenges during the cleaning. But, there are different ways to prevent such eyesores. You can use different methods to hide the wires from plain sight so that the room does not lose its appeal and remains safe. These are different ways to hide wires, even if you need to run the wires through different rooms. Are you interested? Then read on to learn the ideas that help you hide the speaker wires. Solution to How to Hide Speaker Wire 1. Use your Existing Room Decor Suppose you are not ready to spend money on different ways and...

 IoT is a trending topic for the best part of the last decade or so. It is a network of a number of devices that can communicate with each other and control a bunch of things. The communication part is where MQTT comes into play. It helps in sending/receiving messages between “IoT” devices in a publish – subscribe model. But what is MQTT? How it Works? Why we use MQTT in IoT Projects? We will get answers to all these questions regarding MQTT in this guide. An important note before we proceed further is that this guide is just the theory behind MQTT but not a practical implementation. If you are interested, we can make a few IoT Projects involving MQTT that includes how to setup MQTT. What is MQTT? Internet of Things or IoT is simply a combination of computing devices, sensors, actuators, wireless communication and communication protocols. The goal of IoT is to connect a group of devices (known as ‘things’) to the internet and exchange data between them. Now imagine we have setup an...

 We live in an analog World with digital ways of communication, convenience and data processing. So, there is an underlying task of converting data from one domain to the other i.e., from analog to digital or vice-versa all the time. We call these data converters as Analog to Digital Converters (ADC) or Digital to Analog Converters (DAC). In this guide, let us focus on the analog to digital converters, see how a simple ADC works and what are the different types of ADC Circuit Designs. This is not an in-depth guide on Analog to Digital Converters and different types of ADCs but rather a brief introductory discussion on some important types of ADC Circuits. Analog to Digital Conversion is a huge and fascinating subject on its own and if you are interested, we can make a series of guides on individual ADC Circuit that we mentioned here. Importance of Analog to Digital Conversion What is an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)? It is a device or circuit that convert analog data (a continu...