TILI Automation

 In this post, we will discuss some future career opportunities in civil engineering. Engineering is a very vast field and has many branches for students to pursue their career in. Some courses are rare, some are very common. But, engineering finds it’s value in day to day life and it is impossible to work in an environment without engineers. There are many engineering fields where an under graduate can look to develop his career in. One such field is civil engineering. Career Scope in Civil Engineering Construction is a very basic requirement in any field. Be it any building, industry, highway or any commercial complex; good construction knowledge is a must. There are many challenges in this field; because any lag in construction can endanger the lives of people using it. And as the civilization is growing with times and recent advances in construction technology, this engineering field will always remain in demand. Not only for living purposes; but today, builders are looking for...

 In this article, we will study what condensate automation is? And what is the purpose of it? The condensate automation systems are mainly employed in the sugar industry, distillery, paper industry, chemical industry, and so on. The purpose of the condensate automation system is to cool down or reduce the temperature of the exhaust steam and the vapor outlet. But in this article, we will discuss the condenser in the vacuum pan in the sugar industry. Principle of Condenser Automation in Vacuum Pan As the massecuite level in the pan rises, the rate of evaporation is reduced and therefore water required to create the vacuum is less. When the vapor is mixed with injected water in the pan and the vacuum is created at the outlet tailpipe. The temperature difference between vapor and vapor-condensate also affects vacuum generation. The injection of water reduces the temperature as per Ambient. Purpose of Condenser Automation To control the water with respect to vacuum vapor and NCG load. ...

 In this post, we will see the use of ultrapure water in the semiconductor industry. Semiconductors are a very important part of our life. Daily use devices from small ones like headphones to mobiles to laptops to controllers used in automobiles; any electronic equipment cannot function without a semiconductor. Ultrapure Water in Semiconductor Industry They are the heart of any electronic device. It is important to know that there are only a handful of manufacturers in the world who deal in its making. It requires a very finest level of accuracy in making a wafer chip; even a nano mistake can make it a waste. Semiconductors require a huge amount of pure water, or you can say even ultrapure water in their manufacturing. For general knowledge, it must be known that a standard 30cm. wafer chip requires 2200 gallons of water (1 gallon is approximately equal to 4 liters). So, you can imagine the amount of water to manufacture chips in bulk daily. And the most important; is not just wate...

 In this article, we shall learn about Vortex Flow Meters. A vortex train is generated when a bluff body is placed in a pipe stream containing liquid or gas. This train consists of high and low-pressure areas which can be measured by a specially manufactured sensor. Vortex flow meters measure fluid velocity using a principle of operation referred to as the von Kármán effect, which states that when flow passes by a bluff body, a repeating pattern of swirling vortices is generated. Vortex Flow Meters In a Vortex flow meter, an obstruction in the flow path, often referred to as a shedder bar, serves as the bluff body. The shedder bar causes process fluid to separate and form areas of alternating differential pressure known as vortices around the backside of the shedder bar. The number of formations of these vortices depends on the flow rate, if we measure these vortices we can get the equivalent volumetric flow rate. Also Read: Types of Vortex Sensors Applications Vortex meters are co...

 We have many technologies available for oxygen gas measurement in industrial applications. Some of them are discussed in this article. A colorless, odorless gas, oxygen makes up approximately 21% of the Earth’s atmosphere. It is essential to human life, and so is vital to many medical gas applications, as well as playing an essential part in many industrial process reactions. Within the industry, it has a wide range of uses, including the production of metals and plastics. Many manufacturing processes rely on the use of oxide compounds, so an extensive variety of applications depend upon oxygen measurements for process control, safety, and efficiency. Also, while oxygen is not harmful to the environment, it may be necessary to monitor oxygen emissions as part of a continuous emissions monitoring system. Table of contents Zirconia Oxygen Measurement Coulometric Oxygen Measurement Paramagnetic Oxygen Measurement Tunable Diode Laser Oxygen Measurement Conclusion There are a number of...

 CEMS (Continuous Emissions Monitoring System) is required in power plants, cement plants, fertilizers, steel plants, etc., to monitor air pollution. CEMS measuring methods can be classified into two categories. The data of Sox & Nox can be continuously sent to the pollution control board through a wireless network for monitoring purposes and optionally from the pollution board can do zero and span gas calibration through remote mode. Extraction type In-situ type In this article, we discuss extraction type. In analyzer panel, SS tubing material is used to avoid corrosion because of gas. Sox Nox Analyzer Sox Nox analyzer unit consists of suction pump, electric heater, No2 converter, rotameter, calibration gas cylinders, auto drain valve, SMPS, moisture detector, PLC unit, HMI. Suction Pump A suction pump is used to grab the sample from the chimney and sends it to the Sox Nox analyzer unit. It is provided with a 230 VAC power supply. Electric Heater In order to prevent the sample...

 The most common technologies for industrial temperature measurement are electrical in nature: RTDs and thermocouples. As such, the standards used to calibrate such devices are the same standards used to calibrate electrical instruments such as digital multimeters (DMMs). For RTDs, this means a precision resistance standard such as a decade box used to precisely set known quantities of electrical resistance. For thermocouples, this means a precision potentiometer used to generate precise quantities of low DC voltage (in the millivolt range, with microvolt resolution). Photographs of antique potentiometers used to calibrate thermocouple-sensing temperature instruments appear here: (Old Models) Modern, electronic calibrators are also available now for RTD and thermocouple instrument calibration, capable of sourcing accurate quantities of electrical resistance and DC millivoltage for the simulation of RTD and thermocouple elements, respectively. A photograph of a Fluke model 525A labo...

 Due to humidity, several materials experience a change in physical, chemical and electrical properties. This property is used in transducer that are designed and calibrated to read relative humidity directly. Hair hydrometer is a type of absorption hydrometer and uses the mechanical humidity sensing technique. Certain hygroscopic materials such as human hair, animal membranes, wood, paper, etc., undergo changes in linear dimensions when they absorb moisture from their surrounding air. This change in linear dimension is used as the measurement of humidity present in air. Description of Hair Hydrometer The main Parts of hair hydrometer are, Human hair is used as the humidity sensor. The hair is arranged in parallel beam and they are separated from one another to expose them to the surrounding air/atmosphere. Number of hairs are placed in parallel to increase mechanical strength. This hair arrangement is placed under small tension by the use of a tension spring to ensure proper funct...

 Steam and water analysis system (SWAS) is a system dedicated to the analysis of steam or water. In power stations, it is usually used to analyze boiler steam and water to ensure the water used to generate electricity is clean from impurities which can cause corrosion to any metallic surface, such as in boiler and turbine. What is SWAS ? SWAS stands for Steam & Water Analysis System. This system is useful for Power Plants that run on steam. The quality of steam that is used by these power plants is of utmost importance – it is like monitoring cholesterol in human body. Various contaminants that might exist in steam can prove very harmful to the turbine, to the boiler, to the piping etc. SWAS effectively monitors these parameters (such as pH, Conductivity, Silica, Sodium, Phosphates, Dissolved Oxygen etc.) and thus helps in maintaining healthy operation of a power plant. In all power plants in India that work with more than 90% efficiency – you will always find a well engineered...

  A proximity sensor is a sensor able to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact. Proximity switches  open or close an electrical circuit when they make contact with or come within a certain distance of an object. They are most commonly used in on-off valves feedbacks, manufacturing equipment, robotics, and security systems. There are four basic types: infrared, acoustic, capacitive, and inductive.

 Dissolved oxygen (DO) content in water is measured using a membrane electrode. To insure proper operation, the DO probe’s membrane and electrolyte should be replaced prior to calibration for the sampling event. The new membrane may need to be conditioned before it is used; consult manufacturer’s manual on how the conditioning is to be performed. Failure to perform this step may lead to erratic measurements. Before performing the calibration/measurements, inspect the membrane for air bubbles and nicks. Calibration Procedure: 1. Gently dry the temperature sensor and remove any water droplets from the DO probe’s sensor membrane according to manufacturer’s instructions; Note that the evaporation of moisture on the temperature sensor or DO probe may influence the readings during calibration. 2. Create a 100 percent water-saturated air environment by placing a wet sponge or a wet paper towel on the bottom of the DO calibration container. Place the DO probe into the calibration container...

 Conductivity is used to measure the ability of an aqueous solution to carry an electrical current. Specific conductance is the conductivity value corrected to 25 DC. Most instruments are calibrated against a single standard which is near the specific conductance of the environmental samples. The standard can be either below or above the specific conductance of the environmental samples. A second standard is used to check the linearity of the instrument in the range of measurements. When performing specific conductance measurement on groundwater or surface water and the measurement is outside the initial calibration range defined by the two standards, the instrument will need to be re-calibrated using the appropriate standards . Specific Conductance Calibration Procedure: 1. Allow the calibration standards to equilibrate to the ambient temperature. 2. Fill calibration containers with the standards so each standard will cover the probe and temperature sensor. Remove probe from its s...

 The turbidity method is based upon a comparison of intensity of light scattered by a sample under defined conditions with the intensity of light scattered by a standard reference suspension. A turbidimeter is a nephelometer with a visible light source for illuminating the sample and one or more photo-electric detectors placed ninety degrees to the path of the light source. Note: the below calibration procedure is for a turbidimeter which the sample is placed into a cuvette. Some instruments will only accept one standard. For those instruments, the second, third, etc., standards will serve as check points. Calibration Procedure: 1. Allow the calibration standards to equilibrate at the ambient temperature. The use of commercially available polymer primary standards (AMCO-AEPA-l) is preferred; however, the standards can be prepared using Formazin (read the warning on the label before use) according to the EPA analytical Method 180.1. Other standards may be used if they can be shown t...

 The CO2 Analyser is a Analytical instrument that measures the concentration of CO2 gas in the process. The CO2 Analyzer use multi-component analysis by using Non Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) sensor technology for consistent, precise process gas measurement. The Non Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) detection method is based upon the absorption of infrared radiation at specific wavelengths as it passes through a volume of sample. Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) techniques for the measurement of various gases rely on the energy absorption characteristics of a particular gas in the infrared region. In a simple NDIR instrument, Infrared energy passes through two identical tubes and falls on a detector. The first tube is the reference cell and is filled with a non-absorbing gas such as nitrogen. The second tube is the measurement cell and contains the gas sample to be analyzed. The IR Source continuously sends an IR waves through the gas tubes and detector measures the intensity of two different...

 For NDIR Gas analyzer, the main components are an infrared source (lamp), a sample chamber or light tube, a wavelength filter, and the infrared detector. The gas is pumped (or diffuses) into the sample chamber, and gas concentration is measured electro-optically by its absorption of a specific wavelength in the infrared (IR). The IR light is directed through the sample chamber towards the detector. The detector has an optical filter in front of it that eliminates all light except the wavelength that the selected gas molecules can absorb. Ideally other gas molecules do not absorb light at this wavelength, and do not affect the amount of light reaching the detector. The detector measures the attenuated signal depending amount of gas absorption and it is proportional to the measured gas concentration.

 Study about different Gas Analyzers Interview Questions and answers like NDIR analyzers, H2S Analyzer, Moisture Analyzer, HCDP Analyzer, CO2 Analyzer. Gas Analyzers Questions What is a Gas Analyzer? Gas Analyzer is an instrument used to measure the concentration of a known gas in given mixture of gases from a process / stream. Why are Gas Analyzer Used? Gas Analyzer is used to Monitor Process, Enhance Safety, Increase Efficiency, Monitor Emission and Improve Quality. Where are Gas Analyzer used? They are used in applications in all major industries such as Refineries & Petrochemicals, Chemical Plants, Critical process, Inerting Applications, pharmaceuticals, Fertilizers, Glass, semiconductors, Boilers, Heaters, Thermal crackers, Incinerators, continuous monitoring of Stack, Industrial gas producers and its users What is the difference between Gas Detectors and Analyzers? Detectors detect situations outside normal operating parameters and are set up to alarm. Analyzers determin...