Inspection and Testing of Fiber Optic Cable

One end of the cable drum will be prepared by using the proper tools.

Take the prepared end of the cable inside the splice van to maintain the temperature and dust-free environment

Make the OTDR (Optical Time-domain Reflectometer) ready for testing. When the OTDR is ready, strip the fiber and cleave it by means of a diamond-edged cleaver to ensure the cleaving end should be perpendicular.

Connect the fiber to the OTDR by making a mechanical joint. The mechanical joint will be done by using two connectors coupled to each other through a mechanical coupler.

Now the fiber is ready for testing. Keep the OTDR in average mode and shoot the laser through the fiber for 10 seconds.

When the laser will be off, put the cursor “B” at the end of the cable and Cursor “A” around 80 meters from starting (This 80meters is called Dead Zone, because of the changing in the medium of the laser frequency in a very short distance).

Now note the dB/Km loss of the cable.

a. 1310nm <= 0.4 dB/Km

b. 1550nm <= 0.25dB/Km

If the loss is more than the above-mentioned parameter checks the mechanical splice or cleave the fiber again and follow the above procedures again.

If still, the problem persists then there is some problem with the fiber.

Then proceed with the same procedure for all the fibers individually.

All the readings should be witnessed and checked.

Below equipment shall be used to perform the OTDR testing

Test Equipment type:

Optical Power Meter

The above procedure is for the fiber optic cable drum testing, upon successful completion of the testing next step is for the installation, inspection, and testing of the fiber optic cable.

General Checks

Check the correctness of cable code & size.

Cable identity and tag number shall be checked.

Proper gland installation.

Cable bending radius shall be checked

Cabinet and/or Joint Box Cover Seals undamaged and Unused Cable Entries plugged correctly.

OTDR & Continuity Tests

OTDR checked before laying of the cable.

Fiber OTDR (for UG Cables) & continuity checked after laying the cable.

OTDR and point to point continuity check after termination.

Final OTDR test results.

Sample report as a reference:

Termination Checks

Field Device to Patch Panel

Fibers terminated correctly at the device.

Fibers terminated correctly at patch Panel.

Gland earth tab connected to the patch panel.

Fiber identification correct.

Patch Panel to Patch Panel / Control Panel

Fiber terminated correctly at the patch panel.

Fiber cores terminated correctly at the patch Panel/control panel.

Gland earth tab connected to earth panel.

Fiber identification in patch panel/control panel correct.

Author: Mohammed Khaleel

Comments

PLC Program for Mixing Tank

Create a ladder diagram for controlling a batch mixing process. Implement a PLC program for mixing tank or Mixing Process using PLC Ladder Logic. PLC Program for Mixing Tank Fig : Mixing tank A tank is used to mix two liquids. The required control circuit operates as follows: A. When the START button is pressed, solenoids A and B energize. This permits the two liquids to begin ﬁlling the tank. B. When the tank is ﬁlled, the ﬂoat switch trips. This de-energizes solenoids A and B and starts the motor used to mix the liquids together. C. The motor is permitted to run for 1 minute. After 1 minute has elapsed, the motor turns off and solenoid C energizes to drain the tank. D. When the tank is empty, the ﬂoat switch de- energizes solenoid C. E. A STOP button can be used to stop the process at any point. F. If the motor becomes overloaded, the action of the entire circuit will stop. G. Once the circuit has been energized, it will continue to operate until it is manually stopped. Solution : A

What is Relay? How it Works? Types, Applications, Testing

We use relays for a wide range of applications such as home automation, cars and bikes (automobiles), industrial applications, DIY Projects, test and measurement equipment, and many more. But what is Relay? How a Relay Works? What are the Applications of Relays? Let us explore more about relays in this guide. What is a Relay? A Relay is a simple electromechanical switch. While we use normal switches to close or open a circuit manually, a Relay is also a switch that connects or disconnects two circuits. But instead of a manual operation, a relay uses an electrical signal to control an electromagnet, which in turn connects or disconnects another circuit. Relays can be of different types like electromechanical, solid state. Electromechanical relays are frequently used. Let us see the internal parts of this relay before knowing about it working. Although many different types of relay were present, their working is same. Every electromechanical relay consists of an consists of an Electroma

Chlorine dioxide Analyzer Principle

Chlorine dioxide measurement Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is an instable, non-storable, toxic gas with a characteristic scent. The molecule consists of one chlorine atom and two oxygen atoms – represented in the chemical formula ClO2. It is very reactive. To avoid the risk of spontaneous explosions of gaseous chlorine dioxide or concentrated solutions, it is generally handled in dilution with low concentrations. ClO2 is soluble in water, but tends to evaporate quickly. Typically it is prepared on site, for example from hydrochloric acid and sodium chlorite. The procedure provides solutions with approx. 2 g/l ClO2 that can be safely handled and stored for several days. Image Credits : krohne Sensor Parts : Reference electrode Applied chlorine dioxide specific potential Current needed to maintain the constant potential Counter electrode Measuring electrode The disinfection effect of ClO2 is due to the transfer of oxygen instead of chlorine, so that no chlorinated byproducts are formed. ClO2

TILI Automation

Search This Blog