Basic Working Principle of Vortex Flowmeter

A vortex flow meter works based on the principle of ‘Karman vortex street’ demonstrated in the below figure.

This principle essentially means that when an obstruction is placed in path of a flow, it can produce a series a vortices alternating from each side of the obstruction.The frequency of alternating of these vortices is proportional to the flow rate being obstructed.

Principle of Vortex Flowmeter

The vortex type flow meter uses a small rod called ‘shredder bar’ or ‘bluff bar’ to shred vortices and these vortices produced is directly proportional to flow rate. These vortices can be measured using a pressure sensor and it calculates proportional flow rate. In some applications different type of sensor may use in place of pressure sensor.

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PLC Program for Mixing Tank

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Chlorine dioxide Analyzer Principle

Chlorine dioxide measurement Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is an instable, non-storable, toxic gas with a characteristic scent. The molecule consists of one chlorine atom and two oxygen atoms – represented in the chemical formula ClO2. It is very reactive. To avoid the risk of spontaneous explosions of gaseous chlorine dioxide or concentrated solutions, it is generally handled in dilution with low concentrations. ClO2 is soluble in water, but tends to evaporate quickly. Typically it is prepared on site, for example from hydrochloric acid and sodium chlorite. The procedure provides solutions with approx. 2 g/l ClO2 that can be safely handled and stored for several days. Image Credits : krohne Sensor Parts : Reference electrode Applied chlorine dioxide specific potential Current needed to maintain the constant potential Counter electrode Measuring electrode The disinfection effect of ClO2 is due to the transfer of oxygen instead of chlorine, so that no chlorinated byproducts are formed. C...

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